Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Conflict Management - 1095 Words

Conflict Management can often be the toughest task for a leader to handle. It involves dealing with inter-personal and intra-personal conflict. As a team leader of a technical event called Pulse’09 at my university, I had to deal with conflicts on a regular basis. Conflicts usually arise either due to lack of effective communication, different ideologies, lack of resources or due to task interdependence [3]. It was by far my most life changing experience as it taught me the reason behind conflicts and the way to resolve them. In this paper, I will be talking about the way I dealt with conflicts and managed them, the impact they had on the team performance and what I could do to improve my leadership by contrasting my experience to the†¦show more content†¦Members began to work more for the success of their groups and indirectly contributed to the success of Pulse’09. Communication was not an issue anymore and meetings were held regularly. There were times when the groups met more than once during the week to discuss individual progress. Team meetings saw less of conflicts and more of a productive discussion that was aimed at the success of the event. Incorporating a reward system, I guess was the key that created a sense of healthy competition amongst the individual groups and made the members strive towards the goal. As the event came closer, the more positive I felt about the success of Pulse’09. The last meetings focused on bringing together the work done by individual groups. The norms remained the same and thus, the productivity of the team as a whole too didn’t seem to lessen. The event was a huge success and was listed amongst the top 10 technical festivals to attend in the ‘Times of India’ newspaper. When I think back now, I feel I could have done a better job in showcasing my leadership skills. Especially after attending the leadership class, I could have done a lot differently. It was my first time as a leader and no doubt I had done a good job, but with experience I definitely feel that I could have executed a better leadership style at the event. If given a chance again, I would definitely be aware of theShow MoreRelatedConflict Management1178 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a fact of life - for individuals, organizations, and societies. The costs of conflict are well-documented - high turnover, grievances and lawsuits, absenteeism, divorce, dysfunctional families, prejudice, fear. What many people dont realize is that well-managed conflict can actually be a force for positive change. Conflict is â€Å"an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achievingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.† This is true because according to O’Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. In the case of Nancy, perhaps she needs to undergo specialty training or classes about conflict management in order to improve their unit’s dynamic or interaction. 2. â€Å"If you engage with conflict too early, there is a chanceRead MoreThe Conflict And Conflict Management Strategies908 Words   |  4 PagesRobbins and Judge define conflict as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something that is cared about. There is a variety of conflicts that individuals will encounter within their lives. Knowing and understating the conflict cycle and understanding conflict management strategies will help individuals solve conflict in a reasonable manner (Robbins Judge, 2014). Discussing Contentious Issues/ Bringing Conflict into the Open When managersRead MoreConflict Of Conflict Management Styles1690 Words   |  7 Pages Many people do their best to avoid conflict at all costs, but it is an occurrence that everyone must deal with from time to time. Understandable, the avoidance of conflict is glamorous, however learning how to handle the conflicts can make them seem less bothersome. Learning how to manage conflict is a key factor in becoming a manager and the execution of that learning can be very different from manager to manager. Shanker (2013) describes conflict management styles as an equation involving theRead MoreConflict Management1469 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Management Conflict Management Yamil Little Strayer University BUS520 Dr. Anthony Hughes 02/27/11 Conflict Management Introduction In today’s ever-changing business environment organizations encounter varying levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Intrapersonal conflict is a battle within oneself, which usually involves a life goal and/or change. Interpersonal conflict is when two or more people have opposing perspectivesRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1772 Words   |  8 Pagesopinion there will also be a chance for some form of conflict to arise. To resolve and manage conflict, any organization or persons’ must try to understand the causes, theories, approaches and strategies of conflict management. Resolving conflict requires a great deal of attention and thorough understanding in seeking resolution. In this review, conflict management will be explored in general from different perspectives in light of how conflict effects teams or groups, workplace relationships andRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Managemen t1313 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and conflict management both play pivotal roles in all relationships, whether they are between friends, family, lovers, or coworkers. However, while most relationships have an abundance of conflict, the amount of properly implemented conflict management in all relationships is relatively low. This is especially surprising when you consider the sheer amount of research and counseling directed at managing conflict in constructive ways. Though the aforementioned services and research are ofRead MoreConflict Management5778 Words   |  24 PagesUnderstanding Conflict and Conflict Management http://www.foundationcoalition.org/teams Definition A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.1 Although student teams may not satisfy all the requirements of the definition, the degree to which they do often determines their effectiveness. Rationale Students do not come to school with all the social skillsRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management And Resolution883 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative association with conflict. Reflects poorly on the supervisor when there is conflict but in reality it’s only negative when the supervisor or employee, depending on the situation does not address the conflict. Unresolved conflicts can negatively impact not only the employees involved but also the company. Unresolved conflicts result in negative impacts not only to the individual but also the company. Focus on the problem, not the person. Sometimes the conflict will be reoccurring or unresolvableRead MoreConflict Management Styles1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Styles Myron Harris 09/30/2012 CJA/444 Allen Cole Conflict Management Styles Conflict usually occurs when individuals within a group or organization has differences in opinions. When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceived

Monday, December 16, 2019

U.s. Entered War On The United States - 1724 Words

9-11-01, September 11, 2001, a typical day for the United States and citizens of New York City, which soon changed and will be forever remembered as the beginning of a new America. October 7, 2001, when the U.S. entered war in the Middle East in response to the attacks that happened on September 11th. The attacks on the U.S. were not only the start to the longest war in American history, but also the start of many changes for our country. Some effects on the states include political changes and new improvements. Ideas to improve our safety included involved security improvements, new laws and agencies. Although the political effects after 9/11 were the majority of our concerns, the economic aftermath and recovery were huge. The U.S. going†¦show more content†¦With a great nation comes great political power and responsibility played in the upkeep of our states. After the events of 9/11 America’s political side was forever altered. Clearly upset with the Middle East and whom the U.S. believed was responsible foreign affairs had to be looked at. Our government had put a stop to all communication, trade, travel, and influence from some countries overseas. Our President and congress were immediately forced to stop all meetings with foreign leaders due to the security regulations of our Department of Defense. Not only was our government no longer involved with the majority of other countries our citizens also could not travel to these places nor buy from them and all who were believed to be involved in secret affiliation would be brought to court. Policy with other countries prior to the events was different when looking at the topic of involvement of the U.S. and others. Before 9/11, the Bush administration had focused its foreign policy attention on China and Russia; on determining whether a Middle East peace settlement was in the cards; on building a ballistic missile defense system; and on contemplating how to deal with rogue states such as Iran, Iraq, Libya, and North Korea. At many meetings of the National Security Council, officials debated the pros and cons of a new sanctions regime against Saddam Hussein s dictatorial government in Baghdad; they also discussed what would be done if U.S. planes enforcing the no-fly

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Personal Narrative A Memory Essay Example For Students

Personal Narrative A Memory Essay â€Å"What is that sound? , sound like a train in movement. And why are all those people screaming? Are they afraid, or having fun? These were my thoughts the very first time I went to Six Flags Mexico, and its also one of the oldest memories I have. My parents took me there for the first time when I was almost two years old. The only thing I remember is Bugs Bunny taking a peek inside my stroller and my dad telling me to say hi. I started remembering this when I was in my early teenage years, I guess that watching Looney Tunes cartoons was what triggered my memory. Like this memory, I have many more, some are clearer than others and even â€Å"longer† than this one. Any sense can trigger a memory, even smelling certain scents take me back to a specific day or event. For example, whenever there’s a strong scent of something natural, like a plant, I remember my elementary biology teacher. She used to wear a perfume that smelled like nature in a bottle. But whenever I smell paella, it brings back both funny and bad memories. My family had gone to Costco to buy a paella for a Saturday get-together and when my mom heated it in the oven, it made the entire house stink, it was a bad batch or something, but I remember we had to get out of the house for hours until the smell had gone down. As for hearing, I guess that music is what has the most impact for me and helps me remember, or sounds like crickets remind me of late nights at the beach in Cancun. Taste is probably the funnest one, because it catches you off guard. Even though you may think you know exactly how something tastes, it can go a lot differently. For me, whenever I have a hot white chocolate with mint at Starbucks I remember several Christmas dinners. When I touch one of my favorite sweatshirts, I always remember how my mom stuck it in the dryer and it became all starchy. When I see a girl with a peach blouse or accessory I immediately think of my mom and how that is her favorite color. I also remember one of my best friends when I see anything that has a kind of mint shade and how we spent an entire day searching for a tie that would match his date’s dress. But then there are also times when I try to remember things and I can’t. When that happens, I can literally only concentrate in remembering, if I can’t remember, I simply can’t focus on anything else and I get stressed out. For example, on Monday I was about to leave my house when I realized I had lost my car keys. I was obviously stressing out, even though I was going to get to school early. I started looking for them all over the place until I decided to go back and trace my steps from the day before. Of course it didn’t work the first time, it worked until the third time because every time I started, I started from inside the house. And believe it or not, I had actually left my keys on the doorknob. I know, I was in a hurry and didn’t notice, I’m just thankful no one else noticed. One thing I definitely like about memory is that you not only are able to remember what happened but also you can remember how you felt. An example of this is one memory about my mission that always makes laugh like crazy. My companion was from another country, we were serving in Mexico. That day the family that invited us to dinner were going to make tacos. My companion was so excited that he ate almost 12 tacos with several spoons of spicy salsa. That was a big mistake because 2 hours later, we were walking back to home, and my companion started having a stomachache. We did not make it to the house in time for him to go to the restroom, so, he crapped his pants. .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .postImageUrl , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:hover , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:visited , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:active { border:0!important; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:active , .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9d1a7cb318da702c501fafe3851fe9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alcohol Abuse EssayEvery time I remember that day I start laughing like a kid, because I can feel everything like it was yesterday. The same happen with bad and sad memories. I can feel the same pain I felt a year ago when one of my friends died in a motorcycle accident or when my sister told me she was going to divorce because her husband told her he does not want to be with her anymore without reasons. That kind of bad and sad memories come to my mind every time I have problems in my life. I think memories can help us to learn how to avoid bad experiences. If you are going to fall out in the same mistakes you made before, it would be really helpful to remember what do you feel when you made the same mistake in the past, that would help you to take the decision of do not do it again. Memory is and always will be a blessing, we shouldn’t take it for granted, especially knowing that not all people can enjoy it. I would recomend to write down all your memories, is a cool idea to do not let memories die. Be aware that exercising the mind is just as important as exercising the body.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Supersize Me Answers free essay sample

He visited a cardiologist, gastroenterologist, and general practitioner. 2. He has very good blood levels and is very healthy. 3. His starting weigh is 84. 2 kg and his pecentage of fatness is 11%. 4. There are 83 McDonald’s in Manhattan. 5. His girlfrieng is a vegetarian coocker. 6. His first meal is a double quarter pounds with cheese (super size). 7. He feels sick with stomachacke and starts sweating after eating his first super size meal. Then he throws up the food. 8. â€Å"Toxic environment† is the one that is created by being a lot of junk food restaurants. 9. They will develop diabetes. He is getting 5. 000 calories after 5 days on the McDonald’s diet. 11. The chicken McNugets are made by mixing diferent parts of a chicken with a mass. 12. All first graders recognize Ronal McDonald. (The clown that represents the McDonald) 13. The fattest state is Texas, especifically Houston. 14. A calorie is the energy 15. He isn’t healthy because he had really high levels of cholesterol and if he doesn’t stop that diet can be very dangerous for his life, 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Supersize Me Answers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A gastic-bypass is a surgery that is made for reducing the size of the stomach and in that way, reduce the weigh of a person. They recommend him to stop the diet as soon as he can because it can be very dangerous for his life. 18. His finally weigh is 95 kg. 19. As a result of the court case, McDonal’d received two lawsuits against their food and tokk away the ‘supersize’ size. 20. I sometimes eat a pizza at home but I don’t usually buy fast food on my own. I think that fast food should be retired from the market because it has no benefits for the people that consume it because it can be extremely dangerous for their health.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Profile of World War II Colonel General Ludwig Beck

Profile of World War II Colonel General Ludwig Beck Early Career Born at Biebrich, Germany, Ludwig Beck received a traditional education before entering the German Army in 1898 as a cadet. Rising through the ranks, Beck was recognized as a gifted officer and was tapped for staff service. With the outbreak of World War I, he was assigned to the Western Front where he spent the conflict as a staff officer. With the German defeat in 1918, Beck was retained in the small postwar Reichswehr. Continuing to advance, he later received command of the 5th Artillery Regiment. Becks Rise to Prominence In 1930, while in this assignment, Beck came to the defense of three of his officers who were charged with distributing Nazi propaganda on post. As membership in political parties was forbidden by Reichswehr regulations, the three men faced a court-martial. Angered, Beck passionately spoke on behalf of his men arguing that the Nazis were a force for good in Germany and that officers should be able to join the party. In the course of the trials, Beck met and impressed Adolf Hitler. Over the next two years, he worked to write a new operations manual for the Reichswehr entitled Truppenfà ¼hrung. The work earned Beck a great deal of respect and he was given command of the 1st Cavalry Division in 1932 along with a promotion to lieutenant general. Eager to see German prestige and power returned to prewar levels, Beck celebrated the Nazi ascent to power in 1933 stating, I have wished for years for the political revolution, and now my wishes have come true. It is the first ray of hope since 1918. With Hitler in power, Beck was elevated to lead the Truppenamt (Troop Office) on October 1, 1933. Beck as Chief of Staff As the Treaty of Versailles prohibited the Reichswehr from having a General Staff, this office served as a shadow organization that fulfilled a similar function. In this role, Beck worked to rebuild the German military and pushed to develop new armored forces. As German rearmament moved forward, he was officially titled Chief of the General Staff in 1935. Working an average of ten hours a day, Beck was known as an intelligent officer, but one that often became obsessed by administrative details. A political player, he worked to expand his posts power and sought the ability to directly advise the Reich leadership. Though he believed that Germany should fight a major war or series of war to restore its place as a power in Europe, he felt that these should not occur until the military was fully prepared. Despite this, he strongly backed Hitlers move to reoccupy the Rhineland in 1936. As the 1930s progressed, Beck became increasingly concerned that Hitler would force a conflict before the military was ready. As a result, he initially refused to write plans for the invasion of Austria in May 1937 as he felt it would provoke a war with Britain and France. Falling Out with Hitler When the Anschluss failed to cause international protest in March 1938, he quickly developed the needed plans which were dubbed Case Otto. Though Beck foresaw a conflict to eliminate Czechoslovakia and officially advocated for action in the fall of 1937, he retained worries that Germany was not prepared for a major European war. Not believing Germany could win such a contest prior to 1940, he openly began advocating against a war with Czechoslovakia in May 1938. As the armys senior general, he challenged Hitlers belief that France and Britain would allow Germany a free hand. The relationship between Beck and Hitler rapidly began to deteriorate aided by the latters preference for the Nazi SS over the Wehrmacht. While Beck lobbied against what he believed would be a premature war, Hitler chastised him stating that he was one of the officers still imprisoned in the idea of the hundred-thousand-man army imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Through the summer Beck continued to work to prevent a conflict while also attempting to reorganize the command structure as he felt it was Hitlers advisors that were pushing for war. In an effort to increase pressure on the Nazi regime, Beck attempted to organize a mass resignation of senior Wehrmacht officers and issued instructions on July 29 that as well as preparing for foreign wars the army should be ready for for an internal conflict which need only take place in Berlin. In early August, Beck suggested that several Nazi officials should be removed from power. On the 10th, his arguments against war were relentlessly attacked by Hitler at a meeting of senior generals. Unwilling to continue, Beck, now a colonel general, resigned on August 17. Beck Bringing Down Hitler In exchange for resigning quietly, Hitler had promised Beck a field command but instead had him transferred to the retired list. Working with other anti-war and anti-Hitler officials, such as Carl Goerdeler, Beck and several others began planning to remove Hitler from power. Though they informed the British Foreign Office of their intentions, they were unable to prevent the signing of the Munich Agreement in late September. With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Beck became a key player in various plots to remove the Nazi regime. From the fall of 1939 through 1941, Beck worked with other anti-Nazi officials such as Goerdeler, Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, and Ulrich von Hassell in planning a coup to remove Hitler and make peace with Britain and France. In these scenarios, Beck would be the leader of the new German government. As these plans evolved, Beck was involved in two aborted attempts to kill Hitler with bombs in 1943. The following year, he became a key player, along with Goerdeler and Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, in what became known as the July 20 Plot. This plan called for Stauffenberg to kill Hitler with a bomb at the Wolfs Lair headquarters near Rastenburg. Once Hitler was dead, the conspirators would use the German reserve forces to take control of the country and would form a new provisional government with Beck at its head. On July 20, Stauffenberg detonated the bomb but failed to kill Hitler. With the plots failure, Beck was arrested by General Friedrich Fromm. Exposed and with no hope of escape, Beck elected to commit suicide later that day rather than face trial. Using a pistol, Beck fired but only managed to critically injure himself. As a result, a sergeant was forced to finish the job by shooting Beck in the back of the neck. Selected Sources World War II Database: Ludwig BeckJVL: Ludwig BeckGerman Resistance Memorial Center: Ludwig Beck

Friday, November 22, 2019

English as a Global Language

English as a Global Language In Shakespeares time, the number of English speakers in the world is thought to have been between five and seven million. According to linguist David Crystal, Between the end of the reign of Elizabeth I (1603) and the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth II (1952), this figure increased almost fiftyfold, to around 250 million (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2003). Its a common language used in international business, which makes it a popular second language for many. How Many Languages Are There? There are roughly 6,500 languages spoken in the world today. About 2,000 of them have fewer than 1,000 speakers. While the British empire did help spread the language globally its only the third most commonly spoken language in the world. Mandarin and Spanish are the two most commonly spoken languages on Earth.   From How Many Other Languages Has English Borrowed Words? English is jokingly referred to as a language thief because of it has incorporated words from over 350 other languages into it. The majority of these borrowed words are latin or from one of the Romance languages. How Many People in the World Today Speak English? Roughly 500 million people in the world are native English speakers. Another 510 million people speak English as a second language, which means that there are more people who speak English along with their native language than there are native English speakers. In How Many Countries Is English Taught as a Foreign Language? English is taught as a foreign language in over 100 countries. Its considered the language of business which makes it a popular choice for a second language. English language teachers are often paid very well in countries like China and Dubai. What Is the Most Widely Used English Word? The form OK or okay is probably the most intensively and widely used (and borrowed) word in the history of the language. Its many would-be etymologists have traced it variously to Cockney, French, Finnish, German, Greek, Norwegian, Scots, several African languages, and the Native American language Choctaw, as well as a number of personal names. All are imaginative feats without documentary support. (Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford University Press, 2002) How Many Countries in the World Have English as Their First Language? This is a complicated question, as the definition of first language differs from place to place, according to each country’s history and local circumstances. The following facts illustrate the complexities: Australia, Botswana, the Commonwealth Caribbean nations, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Ireland, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States have English as either a de facto or statutory official language. In Cameroon and Canada, English shares this status with French; and in the Nigerian states, English and the main local language are official. In Fiji, English is the official language with Fijian; in Lesotho with Sesotho; in Pakistan with Urdu; in the Philippines with Filipino; and in Swaziland with Siswati. In India, English is an associate official language (after Hindi), and in Singapore English is one of four statutory official languages. In South Africa, English [is] the main national language- but just one of eleven official languages. In all, English has official or special status in at least 75 countries (with a combined population of two billion people). It is estimated that one out of four people worldwide speak English with some degree of competence. (Penny Silva, Global English. AskOxford.com, 2009)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Impact of NGOs on Chinas Labour Rights CSR Component Essay

Impact of NGOs on Chinas Labour Rights CSR Component - Essay Example The role of NGOs is growing more important in China given the lack of political independence, as well as freedom of association, for work councils and trade unions on the factory floor. This vacuum is filled partially by labour support and labour rights NGOs, which bargain for labour rights and offer support to work for councils at factories and other workplaces. These organizations have more room to manoeuvre since they can bypass political aspects because of their business model, although this can also lead to additional dependencies that hamper their strategies for collective action focused labour rights (Lin, 2010). NGOs, thus, face the delicate task of balancing dependencies between businesses and states and expanding on what current labour laws, both national and international, provide. Their effectiveness against this backdrop will be discussed with regards to labour rights within their larger CSR monitoring mandate. NGOs working in the labour rights and labour support sector in China have several government-recognized frameworks to ensure adherence to CSR, particularly labour rights. One of this is the 2008 Labour Law that was passed in mid-2007 and implemented the next year. In passing the new labour law, the Chinese legislature strengthened worker protection and made a real attempt at adhering to internationally recognized labour regulations (Zheng, 2009). This law required that employees in all Chinese companies give their workers a written contract and restricted use of casual labourers, while also making it more difficult to lay off workers. The law also softened its stance on foreign companies that were a threat to those in China, as well as enhanced the role of the state-owned union in collective bargaining. The law also requires that all employers give equal treatment to immigrant and local employees. In addition, the law also requires that the written contracts offered by employers to w orkers meet minimum safety and wage regulations (See, 2009). For NGOs in China, most of which are funded by foreign labour rights organizations, this moves the country towards a European-style regime of labour regulations.